The order of bases contains the information needed to code for amino acids in proteins during translation.Hydrogen bonds stabilize the double helix, but can be broken when DNA needs to be accessed. Nucleic acids have been extensively modified by replacing the phosphodiester group or the whole sugar-phosphodiester backbone with alternative anionic. The nucleic acids are vital biopolymers found in all living things, where they function to encode, transfer, and express genes.These large molecules are called nucleic acids because they were first identified inside the nucleus of cells, however, they are also found in mitochondria and chloroplasts as well as bacteria and viruses.A complementary strand can always be synthesized from a single strand, due to the arrangement of hydrogen bonds between GC and AT bases.Important properties that are derived from the DNA structure are: (OpenStax-CNX)Īs for most biological molecules, the structure is important to the function, and the function of DNA is to contain information. The 5ʹ end is the one where carbon #5 is not bound to another nucleotide the 3ʹ end is the one where carbon #3 is not bound to another nucleotide and has a free hydroxyl group. ![]() (c) The direction of each strand is identified by numbering the carbons (1 through 5) in each sugar molecule. (b) The two DNA strands are antiparallel to each other. (a) The sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside of the double helix and purines and pyrimidines form the “rungs” of the DNA helix ladder. ![]() \):Watson and Crick proposed the double helix model for DNA.
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